The frame is made stronger than other types of bikes, and is designed for the best possible rideability. The geometry can be selected for optimum stability or manoeuvrability.
Front shock-absorbing fork - for comfort, better grip on different terrains, to get around obstacles, and for safer downhill riding.
Wide tyres with deep tread, chosen according to the surface conditions - a narrower and rougher tyre is best for sand, a wider and smoother tread for a more efficient and comfortable ride.
The rim is open for easier access for cleaning and replacement. This is important because the higher load of the mountain bike chain makes the chain wear faster.
Mudguards are less commonly available, but are essential for clean clothing and comfortable riding in the rain, and can be fitted as an option.
The saddle is narrow - for a firm and flexible enough seat for uphill pedalling.
Dynamos are rarely used to maintain a lightweight construction. Therefore, headlamps are chosen to be placed on the helmet to give greater visibility, especially on bends.